![]() ![]() In a recent meta-analysis and systematic review, we characterized multiple brain mechanisms supporting the diversity of hallucinations, including fronto-temporal deficits associated with hallucination status in patients with a psychiatric disorder 6. Hallucinations occur transdiagnosticallly, cross-culturally, and in all sensory modalities 4, 5. Despite over 20 years of active neuroimaging research on hallucinations 1, 2, 3, the neural systems supporting anomalous perceptual experiences remain disputed. Yet occasionally, sensory constructions emerge without origin in the physical world and are experienced as hallucinations. The discovery of neurodevelopmental alterations contributing to hallucinations establishes testable models for these enigmatic, sometimes highly distressing, perceptions and provides mechanistic insight into the pathological consequences of prenatal origins.Īll perception is a construct of the brain. Reduced PCS length and STS depth corresponded to focal deviations in their geometry and to significantly increased covariance within and between areas of the salience and auditory networks. In both ethnic groups, we demonstrated a significantly shorter left PCS in patients with hallucinations compared to those without, and to healthy controls. We quantified the length, depth, and asymmetry indices of the paracingulate and superior temporal sulci (PCS, STS), which have previously been associated with hallucinations in schizophrenia, and constructed cortical folding covariance matrices organized by large-scale functional networks. Participants were stratified into those with ( n = 79 UK n = 22 Shanghai) and without ( n = 43 UK n = 37 Shanghai) hallucinations from the PANSS P3 scores for hallucinatory behaviour. We studied two independent datasets of patients with schizophrenia who underwent clinical assessment and 3T MR imaging from the United Kingdom and Shanghai, China ( n = 181 combined) and 63 healthy controls from Shanghai. Sulcal patterns derived from structural magnetic resonance (MR) images can provide a proxy in adulthood for early brain development. Despite longstanding research on the brain structures supporting hallucinations and on perinatal contributions to the pathophysiology of schizophrenia, what links these two distinct lines of research remains unclear. Hallucinations are percepts without origin in physical reality that occur in health and disease. ![]() Our first perceptions begin during gestation, making fetal brain development fundamental to how we experience a diverse world. All perception is a construction of the brain from sensory input. ![]()
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